Eighteenth-Century Political Formations

Q1. True/False

                         i.        Nadir Shah invaded Bengal. False

                        ii.        Murshid Quli Khan was appointed as the naib, deputy to the governor of the Bengal province. True

                       iii.        Sawai Raja Jai Singh was the ruler of Indore. False

                       iv.        Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth Guru of the Sikhs. True

                       v.        Poona became the capital of the Marathas in the eighteenth century. True

                      vi.        The later Mughal emperors were puppets in the hands of either the Iranis or Turanis. True

Q2. Fill in the blanks

                           i.        Aurangzeb fought a protracted war in the Deccan.

                          ii.        In the eighteenth century, the Sikhs organized themselves into a number of bands called jathas.

                         iii.        Umara and jagirdars constituted powerful sections of the Mughal administration.

                         iv.        Asaf Jah was given charge of the Deccan subadari in 1724.

                         v.        The founder of the Awadh nawabi was Burhan-ul-Mulk Sa‘adat Khan.

                        vi.        Groups of highly mobile, peasantpastoralists (kunbis) provided the backbone of the Maratha army.

         vii.        Sawai Raja Jai Singh founded his new capital at Jaipur.

Q3. Where was Bharatpur fort built?

Ans. Bharatpur fort was built at Dig.

Q4. Who was Jawahir Shah?

Ans. Jawahir Shah was son of Nadir Shah.

Q5. When was khalsa established?

Ans. The Khalsa tradition was initiated in 1699.

Q6. When was Banda Bahadur captured and executed?

Ans. Banda Bahadur was captured in 1715 and executed in 1716.

Q7. When was the third battle of Panipat fought?

Ans. The third battle of Panipat took place in 1761.

Q8. When did Marathas successfully raid Delhi?

Ans. 1737 AD

Q9. Where did Sawai Raja Jai Singh found his new capital?

Ans. Sawai Raja Jai Singh founded his new capital at Jaipur.

Q10. Name the ruler under whose leadership the Jats became powerful.

Ans. Churaman

Q11. Name two important trading centres in the areas dominated by Jats.

Ans. Panipat and Ballabhgarh became important trading centres in the areas dominated by Jats.

Q12. What was the result of Aurangzeb’s long war in the Deccan?

Ans. Emperor Aurangzeb had depleted the military and financial resources of his empire by fighting a long war in the Deccan.

Q13. Why was system called rakhi introduced?

Ans. A system called rakhi was introduced, offering protection to cultivators on the payment of a tax of 20 per cent of the produce.

 
Q14. What was chauth?

Ans. 25 per cent of the land revenue claimed by zamindars was called chauth. In the Deccan this was collected by the Marathas.

Q15. What was Sardeshmukhi?

Ans. 9-10 per cent of the land revenue paid to the head revenue collector in the Deccan was called Sardeshmukhi.

Q16. What was the geographical and economic importance of Awadh?

Ans. Awadh was a prosperous region, controlling the rich alluvial Ganga plain and the main trade route between north India and Bengal.

Q17. Why did the Nawabs of Awadh and Bengal try to do away with the jagirdari system?

Ans. The Nawabs of Awadh and Bengal try to do away with the jagirdari system in order to decrease Mughal influence in the Awadh region.

Q18. Who seized the rich province of the Punjab and the Sarkar of Sirhind from the Mughals in mid of the 17th century?

Ans. Ahmad Shah Abdali had seized the rich province of the Punjab and the Sarkar of Sirhind from the Mughals.