Strong Verbs
We know that the main tenses of a verb are the present, the past and the past participle and all other tenses are formed from these three forms.
Let’s look at the following examples:
1. arise (present), arose, (past), arisen (past participle)
2. awake (present), awoke (past), awoken (past participle)
In the above examples, the vowel sound changes in the past tense, but without adding –ed, -d or –t to the Present.
Therefore, Strong Verbs are those which form their Past Tense by merely changing the vowel in the body of the Present, without adding –ed, -d or –t to the Present.
There are two kinds of strong verbs
1. Verbs that form the past participle by the addition of n, en or ne.
2. Verbs that form the past participle without any such addition.
List of Strong Verbs
Present |
Past |
Past Participle |
arise |
arose |
arisen |
awake |
awoke |
awoken |
bear (produced) |
bore |
born |
bear (carry) |
bore |
borne |
beat |
beat |
beaten |
become |
became |
become |
begin |
began |
begun |
behold |
beheld |
beheld |
bid |
bade bid |
bidden bid |
bind |
bound |
bound |
bite |
bit |
bitten |
blow |
blew |
blown |
break |
broke |
broken |
choose |
chose |
chosen |
cling |
clung |
clung |
come |
came |
come |
crow |
crew |
crowed |
dig |
dug |
dug |
do |
did |
done |
draw |
drew |
drawn |
drink |
drank |
drunk |
drive |
drove |
driven |
eat |
ate |
eaten |
fall |
fell |
fallen |
fight |
fought |
fought |
find |
found |
found |
fling |
flung |
flung |
fly |
flew |
flown |
forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
forsake |
forsook |
forsaken |
freeze |
froze |
frozen |
get |
got |
got gotten |
give |
gave |
given |
go |
went |
gone |
grind |
ground |
ground |
grow |
grew |
grown |
hang |
hung |
hung |
hide |
hid |
hidden |
hold |
held |
held |
know |
knew |
known |
lie |
lay |
lain |
ride |
rode |
ridden |
ring |
rang |
rung |
rise |
rose |
risen |
run |
ran |
run |
see |
saw |
seen |
shake |
shook |
shaken |
shine |
shone |
shone |
shrink |
shrank |
shrunk |
sing |
sang |
sung |
sink |
sank |
sunk |
sit |
sat |
sat |
slay |
slew |
slain |
slide |
slid |
slid |
sling |
slung |
slung |
smite |
smote |
smitten |
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
spin |
span |
spun |
spit |
spat |
spat |
spring |
sprang |
sprung |
stand |
stood |
stood |
steal |
stole |
stolen |
stick |
stuck |
stuck |
strike |
struck |
struck |
string |
strove |
striven |
swear |
swore |
sworn |
swim |
swam |
swum |
swing |
swung |
swung |
take |
took |
taken |
tear |
tore |
torn |
thrive |
throve thrived |
thriven thrived |
throw |
threw |
thrown |
tread |
trod |
trodden |
wake |
woke |
woken |
wear |
wore |
worn |
weave |
wove |
woven |
win |
won |
won |
wind |
wound |
wound |
wring |
wrung |
wrung |
write |
wrote |
written |