People as Resource

Q56. How are children of educated parents different from those of uneducated ones?

Ans. 

Q57. “Illiterate and unhealthy population are a liability for the economy”. Justify the statement.

Ans. The quality of population depends upon the literacy rate, health of a person indicated by life expectancy and skill formation acquired by the people of the country. The quality of the population ultimately decides the growth rate of the country. Illiterate and unhealthy population are a liability for the economy.

Illiterate and unhealthy population are a liability due to the following reasons:

1. Illiterate and unhealthy people are not capable to use land and capital efficiently.
2. Their employment potential is low compared to literate and healthy people. 
3. They earn much less than literate and healthy people.

Q58. How does investment in human capital yield a return just like investment in physical capital?

Ans. Investment in human capital yields a return just like investment in physical capital. 

1. This can be seen directly in the form of higher incomes earned because of higher productivity of the more educated or the better trained persons, as well as the higher productivity of healthier people.
2. Not only do the more educated and the healthier people gain through higher incomes, society also gains in other indirect ways because the advantages of a more educated or a healthier population spreads to those also who themselves were not directly educated or given health care. In fact, human capital is in one way superior to other resources like land and physical capital as human resource can make use of land and capital. Land and capital cannot become useful on its own.

Q59. What measures have been taken by the government to spread education and skills among boys and girls?
Or
What measures have been taken by the government to improve the literacy condition in India?
Or
What are the steps taken by the government to improve the education of the people?

Ans. Measures taken by the government are:

Opening of Navodaya Vidyalaya - There is also an establishment of pace setting of schools like Navodaya Vidyalaya in each district. Vocational streams have been developed to equip large number of high school students with occupations related to knowledge and skills.

Sarva Siksha Abhiyan - Sarva Siksha Abhiyan is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children in the age group of six to fourteen years timebound initiative of the central government, in partnership with the states, the local government and the community for achieving the goal of universalisation of elementary education.

Mid-day meal scheme - Mid-day meal scheme has been implemented to encourage attendance and retention of children and improve their nutritional status.

Q60. What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment? 

Ans. Seasonal unemployment

Seasonal unemployment happens when people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year. People dependent upon agriculture usually face such kind of problem. There are certain busy seasons when sowing, harvesting, weeding and threshing is done. Certain months do not provide much work to the people dependent on agriculture.

Disguised unemployment

In case of disguised unemployment people appear to be employed. They have agricultural plot where they find work. This usually happens among family members engaged in agricultural activity. The work requires the service of five people but engages eight people. Three people are extra. If three people are removed the productivity of the field will not decline. The field requires the service of five people and the three extra people are disguised unemployed.