Human Resources

Q19. How does climate affect the population distribution of an area?

Ans. People usually avoid extreme climates that are very hot or very cold like Sahara desert, polar regions of Russia, Canada and Antarctica.

Q20. What does the shape of a population pyramid of Japan indicate?
Or
Describe the population pyramid of Japan.

Ans.  In countries like Japan, low birth rates make the pyramid narrow at the base. Decreased death rates allow numbers of people to reach old age.

Q21. The world population has grown very rapidly. Why?

Ans.  The main reason for this growth was that with better food supplies and medicine, deaths were reducing, while the number of births still remained fairly high.

Q22. Human resources are not equally distributed over the world. Why?

Ans.  Human resources like other resources are not equally distributed over the world. They differ in their educational levels, age and sex. Their numbers and characteristics also keep changing.

Q23. What is the general trend of international migrations? Why?

Ans.  The general trend of international migrations is from the less developed nations to the more developed nations in search of better employment opportunities.

Q24. Why are people considered a resource?

Ans. Nature’s bounty becomes significant only when people find it useful. It is people with their demands and abilities that turn them into ‘resources’. Hence, human resource is the ultimate resource.

Q25. What is an age-sex pyramid?

Ans.  A population pyramid, also called an "age-sex pyramid", is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population, which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.

Q26. How crowded a country is, has little to do with its level of economic development. Explain with help of example.

Ans. How crowded a country is, has little to do with its level of economic development. For example, both Bangladesh and Japan are very densely populated but Japan is far more economically developed than Bangladesh.

Q27. What are the factors affecting population change?
Or
What are the main causes of population change explain in brief?
Or
What are the main elements of population change?
Or
What are the main components of population change?

Ans.  The major factors affecting population are birth, death and migration. Birth rate is the number of live births per 1,000 people. Death rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 people. Migration is the movement of people in and out of an area.

Q28. Why some countries like Kenya have high population growth rates?

Ans.  Some countries like Kenya have high population growth rates. They had both high birth rates and death rates. Now, with improving health care, death rates have fallen, but birth rates still remain high leading to high growth rates.

Q29. Complete the sentences below using some of the following words.
sparsely, favourable, fallow, artificial, fertile, natural, extreme, densely
When people are attracted to an area it becomes ....................... Populated. Factors that influence this include ....................... climate; good supplies of ....................... resources and ....................... land.

Ans. When people are attracted to an area it becomes densely populated. Factors that influence this include favourable climate; good supplies of natural resources and fertile land.

Q30. What is meant by population composition?

Ans. Population composition refers to the structure of the population.

The composition of population helps us to know how many are males or females, which age group they belong to, how educated they are and what type of occupations they are employed in, what their income levels and health conditions are.

Q31. Why did world population rise from 1800 onwards?
Or
What was the main cause of population explosion?
Or
What has caused the population explosion?

Ans.  In 1820, the world’s population reached one billion. A hundred and fifty years later, in the early 1970s, the world’s population reached 3 billion. This is often called population explosion. In 1999, less than 30 years later, the population doubled to 6 billion. The main reason for this growth was that with better food supplies and medicine, deaths were reducing, while the number of births still remained fairly high.