Mineral and Power Resources

Q39. How are minerals classified on the basis of their composition?

Ans.  On the basis of composition, minerals are classified mainly as metallic and non-metallic minerals. Metallic minerals are further classified as ferrous or non-ferrous.

Q40. How is nuclear energy obtained?

Ans.  Nuclear power is obtained from energy stored in the nuclei of atoms of naturally occurring radioactive elements like uranium and thorium. These fuels undergo nuclear fission in nuclear reactors and emit power.

Q41. What is an ore? Where are the ores of metallic minerals generally located?

Ans. Rocks from which minerals are mined are known as ores. Generally, metallic minerals are found in igneous and metamorphic rock formations that form large plateaus.

Q42. Why environmental aspects must be carefully looked into before building huge dams?

Ans. Construction of a huge dam affects the natural vegetation and wildlife of the area adversely. Hence, environmental aspects must be carefully looked into before building huge dams.

Q43. Name nuclear power stations in India.

Ans.  The nuclear power stations in India are located in Kalpakkam in Tamilnadu, Tarapur in Maharastra, Ranapratap Sagar near Kota in Rajasthan, Narora in Uttar Pradesh and Kaiga in Karnataka.

Q44. Why most industries are concentrated around coal mines?

Ans. Coal is the most abundantly found fossil fuel. It is used as a domestic fuel and also as a raw material in many industries. Hence, most industries are concentrated around coal mines to reduce the cost of transportation.

Q45. Which sources of energy would you suggest for
(a) rural areas (b) coastal areas (c) Arid regions

Ans. Rural areas – Solar energy, Wind energy and Biogas energy

Coastal areas – Wind energy and Tidal energy

Arid regions – Wind energy and Solar energy

Q46. Write a short note on distribution of minerals in Europe.

Ans.  Europe is the leading producer of iron-ore in the world. The countries with large deposits of iron ore are Russia, Ukraine, Sweden and France. Minerals deposits of copper, lead, zinc, manganese and nickel are found in eastern Europe and European Russia.

Q47. What are the ways to conserve minerals?

Ans. Ways to conserve minerals:

                         i.        Reduce wastage in the process of mining.

                        ii.        Recycle metals.

                       iii.        Use minerals in a planned and sustainable manner.

Q48. Name the petroleum producing countries in the world.

Ans. The chief petroleum producing countries are Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Qatar. The other major producers are USA, Russia, Venezuela, and Algeria. The leading producers in India are Digboi in Assam, Bombay High in Mumbai and the deltas of Krishna and Godavari rivers.

Q49. What are the advantages and disadvantages of tidal energy?

Ans. Advantages

                        i.        Non-polluting.

                       ii.        Inexhaustible.

Disadvantages

                        i.        Destroys wildlife habitat.

                       ii.        Difficult to harness.

Q50. Differentiate between a rock and an ore.

Ans.  Difference between a rock and an ore

Q51. Which one of the following practices will NOT conserve LPG in your Kitchen?
(a) Soaking the dal for some time before cooking it.
(b) Cooking food in a pressure cooker.
(c) Keeping the vegetables chopped before lighting the gas for cooking.
(d) Cooking food in an open pan kept on low flame.

Ans. (d) Cooking food in an open pan kept on low flame.