Profit and Loss

John is a shopkeeper. He buys goods from the wholesaler and sells them in his shop at a higher price to earn profit. When he succeeds in selling at higher price, he makes profit else he suffers loss.

Let’s understand the concept with following example:

If John buys sugar at rupees 50 per kg and sells at rupees 55 per kg, he makes profit of rupees (55 – 50 = 5) per kg. But due to some reason if he has to sell the sugar at rupees 48 per kg, he will make loss of (50 – 48 = 2) per kg.

From the above example we understand

      1.   The price at which John buys sugar is the Cost Price. Therefore, cost price is the price at which an item is purchased.

      2.   The price at which John sells sugar is the Selling Price. Therefore, selling price is the price at which an item is sold.

      3.   When S.P > C.P, he makes profit or gain, i.e. Profit or Gain = S.P – C.P

      4.   When S.P < C.P, he suffer loss, i.e. Loss = C.P – S.P

      5.   Charges such as transportation cost, labor cost, salary or wages paid, installation charge etc. are called expenses and these has to be added to the C.P to get actual profit.

      6.   Profit% = Profit/C.P X 100

      7.   Loss% = Loss/C.P X 100

Example: Tia’s boutique received rupees 5,000 from one client on Wednesday, but expenses came to rupees 2700. Here income is more than the expense. So, she earned profit of (5000-3700) = rupees 1300.

On Thursday Tia received rupees 7,000 from other client and expenses came to rupees 7,700. Here income is less than the expense. So, she suffered the loss of (7,700-7,000) = rupees 700.

Some more examples

Example 1: Dia bought rice bag rupees 500 per bag. Due to spoilage, she had to sold them for rupees 450 per bag. Find the gain or loss%.

Solution: 

Here, C.P = Rupees 500 per bag

S.P = Rupees 450 per bag

As S.P < C.P, Therefore Dia suffer a loss.

Loss = C.P – S.P = 500 – 450 = Rupees 50 per bag

Loss% = Loss/C.P X 100 = 50/150 X 100 = 33.33%

Example 2: Mr Ravi bought a washing machine for rupees 15,000 and sold it for rupees 17,000. Find his profit or loss percent.

Solution: 

Here, C.P = Rupees 15,000

S.P = Rupees 17,000

As S.P > C.P, therefore Ravi made a profit.

Profit = S.P – C.P = 17,000 – 15,000 = Rupees 2000

Profit % = Profit/C.P X 100 = 2,000/15,000 X 100 = 13.33%

Example 3: Reena sold a carpet for rupees 10,000 at a profit rupees 2,000. Find the price at which she bought it.

Solution: 

Here, S.P = 10,000

Profit = 2,000

C.P = S.P - Profit

      = 10,000 – 2,000

      = Rupees 8,000

Example 4: Ravi has a Alto car worth rupees 2,50,000 and he wants to sell it at profit of rupees 50,000. What should car selling price be?

Solution: 

Here, C.P = 2,50,000

Profit = 50,000

S.P = C.P + Profit

      = 2,50,000 + 50,000

      = Rupees 3,00,000

Example 5: Sonu bought a laptop of rupees 1,50,000 at a loss of rupees 10,000. Find selling price of the laptop.

Solution: 

Here, C.P = 1,50,000

Loss = 10,000

S.P = C.P - loss

      = 1,50,000 - 10,000

      = Rupees 1,40,000

Example 6: Nimmi sold her television for rupees 30,000 at a loss of rupees 5,000.Find the cost price of the television.

Solution: 

Here, S.P = 30,000

Loss = 5,000

C.P = S.P + loss

      = 30,000 + 5,000

      = Rupees 35,000