Area

Look at these figures.

Here, we can see the small square encloses lesser space of surface than big square. We use area to measure of surface.

Area is the space enclosed by a plane figure (2 Dimensional shapes).

Area is measured in "square" units. The area of a plane figure is the number of squares needed to cover it completely.

Area of Square

Area of square is equal to the product of its length and breadth expressed in square units. But, in case of square length and breadth are same, we express area by multiplying its side and side.

Area = Side x Side

Example: 

Side of square = 10 m

Area = Side x Side

        = 10 m x 10 m

        = 100 sq. m OR 100 m²

Area of Rectangle

Area of rectangle is equal to the product of its length and breadth expressed in square units.

Area = Length x Breadth

Example: 

Length = 12 cm, Breadth = 6 cm

Area = Length (L) X Breadth (B)

        = 12 cm x 6 cm

        = 72 sq.cm OR 72 cm²

Area of Irregular shapes

To calculate the area of irregular figure, first we have to divide irregular figure into regular recognizable shapes such as square, rectangle etc.

Example:

Area of rectangle A = 12 m x 4 m

                            = 48 m²

Area of rectangle B = 3 m x 2 m

                            = 6 m²

Total Area = Area of rectangle A + Area of rectangle B

                = 48 m² + 6 m²

                = 54 m²

Note: Convert the measurement of the figure in same units while calculating area of any figure.